The primary research findings suggest additional contextual factors that contributed to U5M reductions in Peru that were outside of the health system interventions. These include economic growth, improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene, and women’s empowerment.
IHME DECOMPOSITION RESULTS
5.0% of the reduction in under-five mortality is attributed to environmental factors, including WASH and air quality.
Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; ANC4+, at least 4 ANC visits; ARI, acute respiratory infection; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CB-IMCI, community-based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness; CHW, community health worker; DHS, Demographic and Health Survey; DTP3, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis; FB-IMCI, facility-based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness; HBB, Helping Babies Breathe; Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type b; IMCI, Integrated Management of Childhood Illness; IRS, indoor residual spraying; ITN, insecticide-treated net; KI, key informant; KMC, kangaroo mother care; LLIN, long-lasting insecticidal net; LRI, lower respiratory infection; MOH, Ministry of Health; MTCT, mother-to-child transmission; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; ORS, oral rehydration salts; ORT, oral rehydration therapy; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV U5, under-five; RDT, rapid diagnostic testing; TBA, traditional birth attendant; TT, tetanus toxoid; U5M, under-five mortality; WASH, water, sanitation, and hygiene; WHO, World Health Organization.